Managing DFS namespaces from the command line

Posted on February 10th, 2010 in Server 2003, Server 2008, Storage by alt-92

Last year, I posted about the  DFS Modlink utility which you need if you want to manipulate DFS link states against DFS-N  – Windows 2003 didn’t have any non-GUI tooling to do that, except for the Win32_DFSnode WMI properties.
Windows XP however does not support that particular interface, which leaves only modlink as a way to disable or enable a DFS link.

From Windows 2008 onward, that sorely missing functionality is available in the revamped dfsutil commandline tool. And as an added bonus, changing the TTL for a link is also possible.
Even more, dfsutil in 2008R2 (and therefore Windows 7 clients with RSAT installed) lets you set the Access Based Enumeration property.

Below are the property commands:

   1: E:\>dfsutil property

   2:  

   3: DESCRIPTION:

   4: Displays or modifies the properties of a folder target (link target) or

   5: namespace server (root target).

   6:  

   7: ------ PROPERTY Commands Supported ------

   8:  

   9: Sitecosting           Displays or modifies site costing for a namespace.

  10: RootScalability       Displays or modifies the namsespace polling mode.

  11: ABE                   Enable/Disable/View ABE property of a namespace.

  12: Insite                Displays or modifies the in-site property.

  13: TargetfailBack        Displays or modifies client fail back.

  14: SD                    Set/Get Security Information on the folder.

  15: State                 Displays or modifies a folder target or namespace server.

  16: TTL                   Displays or changes client referral caching.

  17: PriorityRank          Displays or changes the ordering method (priority rank).

  18: PriorityClass         Displays or changes the target priority.

  19: Comment               Sets or displays the comment for a namespace or link.

 

So, what do we do with this? Let’s say you’re migrating your DFS-Namespace enabled* Datashares to a newer fileserver with more storage capacity.

*no DFS-R , in case you’re wondering, because the original server might be a Windows 2003 non-R2 install.

A default link timeout is 7200 seconds or 2×60x 60 seconds = 2 hours, meaning your DFS client will check for changes in state after that time. During your migration window, you’ll want to ensure that any changes are picked up within a shorter time.

   1: E:\>dfsutil property ttl \\alt-92.net\data\share1

   2: The timeout for \\alt-92.net\data\share1 is 7200

First, we’ll change the timeout setting to a 5 minute setting:

   1: E:\>dfsutil property ttl set \\alt-92.net\data\share1 300

   2:  

   3: Done processing this command.

   4:  

   5: E:\>dfsutil property ttl \\alt-92.net\data\share1

   6: The timeout for \\alt-92.net\data\share1 is 300

Then, using both dfscmd and dfsutil, we’ll add our new fileshare to the link AND set it offline:

 

   1: dfscmd /add \\alt-92.net\data\share1 \\newserver\data\share1

   2: dfsutil property state offline \\alt-92.net\data\share1 \\newserver\data\share1

After syncing the content with robocopy (be sure to check the /MT switch for multithreading on Windows 2008R2 or Windows 7) we now flip the link state on both shares and restore the timeout value to its former setting:

   1: dfsutil property state offline \\alt-92.net\data\share1 \\oldserver\data\share1

   2: dfsutil property state online \\alt-92.net\data\share1 \\newserver\data\share1

   3: dfsutil property ttl set \\alt-92.net\data\share1 7200

After that, we’ll decommission the old fileserver, by taking the shares offline and removing the old links from the DFS Namespace with dfscmd:

   1: dfscmd /remove \\alt-92.net\data\share1 \\oldserver\data\share1

Et voila: we’ve migrated our DFS enabled fileshares to a new server with minimal downtime.

Fully scripted, its now feasible to migrate a DFS Namespace root with hundreds of links in just a few hours (including the final replication with robocopy – the bulk copy we’ve started a couple of days in advance) .

DFS namespace query tool

Posted on July 29th, 2009 in Server 2003, Server 2008, Storage by alt-92

For quick lookups to find out where DFS links are pointing to, I’ve built dfsquery.exe in C++.
standalone executable, 64bits support and works on NT5.1 and up (including Windows 7).

Based on MSDN code sample from http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb524791(VS.85).aspx

01
02
#define UNICODE
03
#include <stdio.h>
04
#include <windows.h>
05
#include <lm.h>
06
#include <lmdfs.h>
07
 
08
void wmain(int argc, wchar_t *argv[ ])
09
{
10
   PDFS_INFO_4 pData;
11
   PDFS_STORAGE_INFO ps;
12
   DWORD er=0, tr=0, res, j;
13
 
14
   //
15
   // Check command line arguments.
16
   //
17
   if (argc<2)
18
      wprintf(L"Syntax: %s DfsEntryPath\n", argv[0]);
19
   else
20
   {
21
      //
22
      // Call the NetDfsGetInfo function, specifying level 4.
23
      //
24
      res = NetDfsGetInfo(argv[1], NULL, NULL,  4, (LPBYTE *) &pData);
25
      //
26
      // If the call succeeds, print the data.
27
      //
28
      if(res==0)
29
      {
30
 printf("Report for: %-30S\nStorages: %u\nComment: %S\n",pData->EntryPath, pData->NumberOfStorages, pData->Comment, pData->Timeout);
31
 printf("Timeout: %u\n",pData->Timeout);
32
 ps = pData->Storage;
33
         //
34
         // Loop through each target.
35
         //
36
         for(j=1;j<=pData->NumberOfStorages;j++)
37
         {
38
            //
39
            // Print the status (Offline/Online) and the name 
40
            // of each target referenced by the DFS link.
41
            //
42
 printf("Target %S  ", (ps->State == DFS_STORAGE_STATE_OFFLINE) ? TEXT("Offline:"): TEXT("Online :"));
43
            printf("\\\\%S\\%S\n",ps->ServerName,ps->ShareName);
44
            ps++;
45
         }
46
         //
47
         // Free the allocated memory.
48
         //
49
         NetApiBufferFree(pData);
50
      }
51
      else
52
         printf("Error: %u\n", res);
53
   }
54
   return;
55
}
56


It’s quick, it’s probably dirty, but it works just fine (and no admin privileges needed as it does the same as your average DFS client code).


Sample output:


D:\>dfsquery \\alt-92.net\files\0054

Report for: \\ALT-92\files\0054

Storages: 2

Comment:Department 54 data store

Timeout: 300

Target Online :  \\ENDEAVOUR\data\0054

Target Offline:  \\Equinoxe\data\0054


It shows timeout value, comments (description field in DFS console) the number of link targets and their individual link state.


					




				



				

		

	




	



	
		

					


				
Mounting VHD files in Vista



				

					Posted on  July 9th, 2009 in Server 2003, Server 2008, Storage, Virtualisation, Vista, Windows 7 by alt-92 				



				

					
Windows 7 features include attaching and detaching Virtual Harddrive files (.VHD) via Disk Management.

This allows you to mount and dismount your Complete PC Backup .vhd file to restore a single item from backup or prestage a Virtual PC/Server diskfile,  or even your HyperV disks.


Vista does not have this feature, but there is a workaround available. Installing the VHDMount utility from Virtual Server 2005R2 SP1 lets you use the VHD storage driver and the vhdmount utility.


    

  1. Download the Virtual Server 2005 R2 SP1 setup from http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserversystem/virtualserver/downloads.aspx .
    2. 

  2. Run setup and choose Custom Setup type:

    vhdmount1
    
vhdmount2
    3. 

  3. Verify the default selection for VHD Mount is marked:

    vhdmount3
    

    Click Next to install and finish the setup.      
    

    vhdmount4
    4. 

  4. You can use the command line vhdmount utility to attach a .VHD file, or alternatively, use these registry entries to create a context menu for the four actions.

          
    01
    Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00
    02
     
    03
    [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Classes\Virtual.Machine.HD]
    04
    @="Virtual Machine Hard Drive Image"
    05
     
    06
    [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Classes\Virtual.Machine.HD\DefaultIcon]
    07
    @="C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft Virtual PC\\Virtual PC.exe,-327"
    08
     
    09
    [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Classes\Virtual.Machine.HD\shell]
    10
    @="Mount"
    11
     
    12
    [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Classes\Virtual.Machine.HD\shell\Commit]
    13
     
    14
    [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Classes\Virtual.Machine.HD\shell\Commit\command]
    15
    @="\"C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft Virtual Server\\Vhdmount\\vhdmount.exe\" /c \"%1\""
    16
     
    17
    [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Classes\Virtual.Machine.HD\shell\Discard]
    18
     
    19
    [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Classes\Virtual.Machine.HD\shell\Discard\command]
    20
    @="\"C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft Virtual Server\\Vhdmount\\vhdmount.exe\" /d \"%1\""
    21
     
    22
    [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Classes\Virtual.Machine.HD\shell\Dismount]
    23
     
    24
    [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Classes\Virtual.Machine.HD\shell\Dismount\command]
    25
    @="\"C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft Virtual Server\\Vhdmount\\vhdmount.exe\" /u /d \"%1\""
    26
     
    27
    [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Classes\Virtual.Machine.HD\shell\Mount]
    28
     
    29
    [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Classes\Virtual.Machine.HD\shell\Mount\command]
    30
    @="\"C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft Virtual Server\\Vhdmount\\vhdmount.exe\" /p \"%1\""
      The result is a context menu on right-clicking a .VHD file like this.        
    

    vhdmount5        
    

    Mounting your disk file is now as easy as a right-click away, and the VHD will show up as a new disk in Explorer.
    5. 



					




				



				

		

	




	



	
		

					


				
Diskspace checks and trend analysis



				

					Posted on  February 22nd, 2009 in Server 2003, Server 2008, Storage by alt-92 				



				

					
Simple Diskspace monitoring tools for home use.

Tools: VBscript & MS Access database


The script:


01
02
On Error Resume Next
03
Const HARD_DISK = 3
04
Const adOpenStatic = 3
05
Const adLockOptimistic = 3
06
 
07
strNamespace = "root\cimv2"
08
strDomain = "domain"
09
 
10
strDate = FormatDateTime(Now(), 2)
11
strTime = FormatDateTime(Now(), 4)
12
Set objNetwork = CreateObject("Wscript.Network")
13
' =====================================================================
14
arrComputers = Array("Server1","Server2","Server3")
15
 
16
For Each strComputer In arrComputers
17
Set objWMIService = GetObject("winmgmts:" &amp; strComputer &amp; "root\CIMV2")
18
Set colDisks = objWMIService.ExecQuery _
19
("SELECT * FROM Win32_LogicalDisk Where DriveType = " &amp; HARD_DISK &amp; "",,48)
20
 
21
Set objConnection = CreateObject("ADODB.Connection")
22
Set objRecordSet = CreateObject("ADODB.Recordset")
23
 
24
objConnection.Open _
25
"Provider = Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0; " &amp; _
26
"Data Source = c:\scripts\diskspace_database.mdb"
27
 
28
objRecordSet.Open "SELECT * FROM tbldiskspace" , _
29
objConnection, adOpenStatic, adLockOptimistic
30
For Each objDisk in colDisks
31
objRecordSet.AddNew
32
 
33
objRecordSet("server") = strComputer
34
objRecordSet("domain") = strDomain
35
objRecordSet("disk") = objDisk.VolumeName
36
objRecordSet("drive") = objDisk.DeviceID
37
objRecordSet("totalspace") = round(objDisk.Size /1024/1024,2)
38
objRecordSet("freespace") = round(objDisk.FreeSpace /1024/1024,2)
39
objRecordSet("percentage") = (objDisk.Freespace /objDisk.Size)*100
40
objRecordSet("date") = strDate
41
objRecordSet("time") = strTime
42
 
43
objRecordSet.Update
44
 
45
Next
46
Next
47
 
48
objRecordSet.Close
49
objConnection.Close
50
' =====================================================================
51


Access DB has a simple table layout, and a couple of queries and comboboxes.

Table:

table


Form:

form1


Using the queries and by generating a PivotTable view, it’s easy to spot growth trends on disks.

Graph showing available free space:

graph


					




				



				

		

	




	



	
		

					


				
DFS Modlink utility



				

					Posted on  June 14th, 2008 in Server 2003, Server 2008, Storage, Vista by alt-92 				



				

					
If you add a new target ( DFSCMD /ADD \\dfsroot\link \\server\share ) the default behaviour is to enable the DFS link state.

Based on code found on MSDN for  DFS_INFO_101 Structure (Windows) , this command line utility enables or disables the DFS target link state.




					




				



				

		

	




	



	

	

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